Democracy The Cause For International Peace Or For...

Elisabeth McCallum McCallum 1 Political Science 12D Philip G. Roeder Democracy: The Cause for International Peace or for Global War? In just over 100 years, the world has seen two major global wars along with a cold war. While some argue that the cold war was actually a long period of peaceful relations rather than a period classified as wartime (Gaddis), it is still imperative to see the relationship between the leadership a nation is under, and its engagement in any of these past global wars. Under the explanations provided by several philosophers such as Schumpeter, Lake, and, democracies should be extremely less likely to go to war. If these theories were completely true, however, this would fail to explain the anomalies in this theory. Due to the high number of democracies that do, in fact, engage in global wars, there must also be another factor besides democracy that accounts for the likeliness of war. In addition, the Democratic regimes who do engage in war also have a greater tendency of winning, a phenomena that can be explained by the power of democracies. While the leadership style does have an effect on the likeliness of war, with democracies being extremely less likely, it appears that the presence of either a multipolar or a bipolar global system has a higher influence on a country’s chances for war. Although Democracies do tend to be more peaceful in general due to economic influences, the presence of a bipolar global system rather than aShow MoreRelatedNeo-Realism and Liberalism: Comparing These Two Different Frameworks Used in International Relations1226 Words   |  5 PagesIn order for countries to cohesively overcome international barriers, frameworks of ideal political standards must be established. Two of these frameworks constantly discussed in international relations are the theories of Neo-realism and Liberalism; two theories with their own outlook at the way politicians should govern their country as well as how they should deal with others. Neo-realism lies on the structural level, emp hasizing on anarchy and the balance of power as a dominant factor in orderRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory : Political And Cultural Similarity And Limits Of Democracy1456 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic peace theory is a theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies(Michael Doyle,1983).Democratic peace theory holds that because of political and cultural similarity and limits of democracy mechanisms in democratic countries, in international relations, a majority of democratic countries would perfer to choose negotiations or other peaceful ways to resolve the dispute. rested on these factors, democratic countries couldRead MoreDemocracies And Their Tendency to be More Peaceful Than Authoritarian States1144 Words   |  5 PagesDemocracies And Their Tendency to be More Peaceful Than Authoritarian States To answer this question we first need to define and contrast the two different types of state. An authoritarian state is one that enforces a policy of strict obedience, compliance and may use tyrannical and domineering measures to obtain this. A vote system may be in operation but any dissenting section of the population may come under threat from the government in control thus making the vote aRead MoreRealism, Liberalism And Constructivism : The Field Of International Relations1379 Words   |  6 PagesIn the field of international relations, there are a multitude of theories or schools of thought. All of these theories have a different perspective on how the world operates and how states interact with each other. The more popular theories are realism, liberalism and constructivism. All three theories recognize that the international system is anarchical; there is no overarching power to govern world affairs. Realism is a view of international politics that emphasizes its competitive and conflictingRead MoreRobert Kagan, A Moral Democratic Realist803 Words   |  4 Pagesunique circumstance, â€Å"a particular arrangement of power in the international system that favors a certain worldview over others† (Kagan). If these conditions where to change due to a shift in powers then the characteristics of the world order would shift also. Democracy has spread across the globe not because people yearn for democracy but because the most powerful nation, America, is a democracy (Kagan). Will society always yearn for democracy or will they start to yearn for something else? There haveRead More Promotion of Democracy and its Purpose in the United States Plans1481 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States prides itself on its democratic idealism and believes the every state should have the opportunity to experience the freedom democracy offers. Democracy, in term of American values, allows for the â€Å"right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† . These are inalienable for everyone and those countries that withhold this must be change or reformed. The United States with other democratic countries has taken on the project of converting all non-democratic states into democraticRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World s Resurgence After The Cold War943 Words   |  4 PagesThe ubiquitous phenomenon known as globalization is an intricate happening with many dimensions that transcend territories and produce dichotomous interpretations from the international system on its advancement since the movement’s resurgence after the Cold War. Firstly, one must analyze the very meaning of such a concept in which there are numerous contemporary adaptations as well as a classical description where globalization as â€Å"those processes that knit people everywhere together, thereby producingRead MoreA Relationship Between Democracy And Making The World A More Peaceful Place? Essay1994 Words   |  8 PagesIs there a relationship between democracy and making the world a more peaceful place? With the increase in the number of democracies post Cold War, this contemporary question is one, which many scholars of International Relations aim to answer. Whilst many scholars may argue that spreading democracy will make the world a more peaceful place, as claimed with the democratic peace theory, it is necessary to look at factors other than democracy that lead to world peace. By understanding factors such asRead MoreReformation in Security Sectors: Democracy Rules1105 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of Government except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. (Churchill) The United States of America made a huge chang e for the entire world when they broke away from England and created their own new government. It was risky, but it was worth it. Since the U.S. becameRead MoreThe Era Of The 19th And 20th Centuries1664 Words   |  7 Pagesof the 19th and 20th centuries in Europe was largely defined by imperialism and nationalism. How did these concepts influence the manner in which the world wars were fought? In what ways are they global ideals? How did these notions cause the wars to become global in nature? What role did the colonies play in the wars? What changes did the wars bring to relationships between European countries and their colonies? Imperialism is the concept of European dominance of non-Western lands through economic

Essay about High Prices of Healthy Foods Prevents Control...

Most of the individuals living with Type 2 Diabetes in these low income areas know they have to eat healthier foods in order to control the illness and reduce the risk of getting worse, but they are often confounded by the distance they had to travel in order to buy the healthier foods from the health market, unaffordable prices of buying a healthier nutritious food, and the means of travel to get to the market. Chaufan, Davis, Constantino (2011), noted that disproportionate risk is caused by living conditions, because living conditions are not natural facts but rather the product of policy decision distributing societal benefits and burdens. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes health and lifestyle education programs can be useful in†¦show more content†¦The literature review found that the results of type 2 Diabetes among low income individuals seem to be relatively low than previous studies. Even though people reported having twice as much risk of chronic illnesses the numb er of people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes was insignificant accounting for 95% CI below poverty line 0.6 (0.5,0.7) (Bhojani et al., 2013). In this case it may be that more people remain undiagnosed than those who self-report in the surveys. The burden of Type diabetes is much higher in ethnic minorities than for whites (CDC, 2011). Those of which include Latino and African American ethnicities. According to Lemon, Rosal, Welch (2011), Latinos have a higher rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rates than Caucasian because of socioeconomic status, education, health beliefs, family/relationship, and gender role expectations. The majority of this literature review was women and most of which had less than 8 years of education, with the average income of less than $10,000 annually (Lemon, Rosal, Welch, 2011). Both of these factors which contribute to the risk of prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes. Several factors including language, literacy, and culture and values all are important in addressing the risk factors in low-income Spanish speaking individuals’ quality of life and risk of chronic disease. Similarly Lee et al., (2011), noted that risk factors of Diabetes includeShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity1703 Words   |  7 Pagesare obese. There are many health problems associated with obesity, which are preventable. America has state and local programs to prevent obesity, which Centers for Disease control and Prevention funds in all 50 states. Obesity is considered one of the highest killers since the 1980’s, with fast food shops on the rise and the healthy prices going up it’s hard to control how we eat. Obesity is a condition that involves one to have excessive body fat, which cause a greater change of health problemsRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Taxed More?1738 Words   |  7 PagesShould Junk Food be taxed more to discourage consumption? Junk Food should be taxed more for reasons such as Obesity, Diabetes, and High Blood Pressure, etc. These health risks are linked to the consumption of Junk Food, which is consumed every day by many Americans. â€Å"10 percent tax would reduce consumption of soda by 8 to 10 percent.† Even though some people believe that Junk Food Tax won’t curb the many diseases linked to it, Junk Food Taxes could decrease the risks of diseases, limit consumptionRead MoreProper Healthy Lifestyles1350 Words   |  5 PagesProper healthy lifestyles start at the households and begin with parenting. Our leaders of Guam need to recognize that diabetes is a growing issue on the island. Diabetes leads to strokes and heart attacks, which are some of the com mon cause of death on this island. The main problem is that people on the island of Guam fail to understand the seriousness of diabetes. It is always fun and nice to see a supposedly overweight child because to the cultural norm it is acceptable in society. People failRead MoreConsumption Of Processed And Convenience Foods And Our Dependence On Technology1119 Words   |  5 Pagesprocessed and convenience foods and our dependence on technology has led to an increase in obesity and reduction in the fitness level for children. This is concerning since obesity can cause a decrease toward life expectancy and result in other health conditions to occur. With the one million dollar grant I plan to use the money to donate to the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, (also known as MSDF). Their main goal focuses to improve children’s health along with access to healthy opportunities and optionsRead MoreMore Zumba, Less Childhood Obesity1489 Words   |  6 Pageshas a role to play in helping our kids lead healthy lives† (Tucker). According to Charlotte Tucker, approximately one in three children are obese or overweight. Since the terms are often used interchangeably, obese is defined as someone that is severely overweight whereas over weight is defined as a person that is above the normal weight but is still healthy. Obesity can cause the heart to work harder than it should, putting people at risk for diabetes, asthma, and heart failure. Some things thatRead MoreType Two Diabetes Epidemic An Issue For The Pacifica Community1657 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes Why is having type two diabetes epidemic an issue for the pacifica community? Type two diabetes is a huge problem in the pacifica institution, as early studies have shown that while diabetes was virtually non-existent in populations aboriginal to the Pacific, maintaining a traditional lifestyle, this position was true for the metropolitan pacific population. Statistics show that over time type two diabetes prevalence has rapidly increased indigenously over time within the pacificaRead MoreFood, Inc., By Michael Pollan And Eric Schlosser1264 Words   |  6 PagesFood, Inc. is a documentary film made by Michael Pollan and Eric Schlosser. In this documentary they took a look at the practices of food production in the United States. There are several things that I learned from this documentary that was horrifying to me. For this paper I will focus on the following three topics covered in the documentary: fast food to all food, the dollar menu, and hidden costs. The beginning of the documentary discusses fast food to all food. In this section a historyRead MoreObesity : The Wild And Wonderful State Of West Virginia Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesWest Virginia unfortunately has the title of the 2nd highest obesity rate in the United States at 35.7% as of 2014. The childhood obesity rate in West Virginia is 14.0% for two to four year olds, 18.5% for ten to seventeen year olds, and 15.6% for high school students in general. (â€Å"WV†) There was a census conducted in 2012 that showed that greater than one-third of children were overweight or obese too. (â€Å"Facts†) There is clearly a problem with West Virginia, the United States, and the world. EvenRead MoreA Study On Type 2 Diabetes1553 Words   |  7 PagesType 2 diabetes is a very well known disease throughout the US. There are about 27 million people in the US with the disease and 86 million others have prediabetes which means their blood glucose is not right but a lso not high enough to be diabetes yet. 208,000 people under the age of twenty have been diagnosed with either Type 1 or 2 Diabetes. The discovery of diabetes came way back in 1910 when English physiologist Albert Sharpey-Schafer made the discovery of a substance that would normally beRead MorePrescription Drugs And The Competitive Market Offers A Starting Point Allusion861 Words   |  4 Pagesyour diabetes may damage your heart, kidneys, nervous system, and your eyes†. Such as, eating foods with a high content of sugar will extremely increase your blood sugar, or not taking medication to treat diabetes. He also states â€Å"metformin may need to be used with other medications to help regulate your blood sugar. Some patients with type 2 diabetes may have complications with hypertension as well. This leads us into an example of many prescription drugs to treat diseases. Such as, diabetes, and

Physical Education in The Public School Setting Essay

Physical Education programs in publics schools has long been a source of disappointment and stagnant development. As the average rate of an urban youth continues to rise, little is being done within the school setting to meet the growing need for active involvement. School system leaders overlooks physical health due to the need to cut spending and increase test scores, all the while losing sight that school is the place where youth spend most of their time and gain most of their development. Schools and school systems are not only responsible for nourishing the mind, but also maintaining the health of the body, and this is where physical education programs are at the forefront. Physical education is as vital a component of the school day†¦show more content†¦If physical education is shown to help improve academic performance, and teachers feel that more time and money is needed for education, than perhaps school leaders should listen and enhance physical education programs instead of continuing to pull the motivational rug from under these vital programs. The need to have the scores are valid and obvious, because without proper scores the schools run the risk of state takeover, but perhaps they need to go about accomplishing this goal using a different avenue. Pumping more money into implementing rigorous physical education programs that motivate and engage students will give them a positive outlet, and a reason for wanting to come to school. Once you get them interested in coming to school, than you can began to stress not only physical, but also educational achievement. Pushing students physically by teaching them ways to stay active, and by challenging them to try new things, might translate into more highly motivated students who are more willing to face challenges that they might encounter in the classroom. Some might feel that this is an unconventional method, but if the individuals, who actually deal with students on a daily basis, teachers, fe el as though enhancing physical education is the key, than school leaders owe it to them to listen and respond accordingly. Another important aspect of physical education is behavior. Numerous schoolShow MoreRelatedPhysical Education : Not Just Walking The Dog1576 Words   |  7 PagesPhysical Education: Not Just Walking the Dog A person might remember in elementary school a certified physical educator instructing the class, for example, on learning to run, balance, stretch, and climbing rope. Then, in spring, a big relay event would happen, and all the students were able to race, or show off the skills they learned through the year. At these events, every student won a prize, whether, first, second, third, or recognition of achievement for each race. Today, many peopleRead MoreHome Education Vs. Public Schools Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, education was offered to children in formal areas allocated for this purpose. These areas were mainly schools and colleges. A certain number of hours were assigned every day to the education in which the children would leave home in the morning for school spend the whole day being taught in a series of classes as well as co-curricular activities. On a normal school day, children would be taught different subjects that the school offers have some time alloca ted for physical education and sportsRead MorePhysical Education For A School Setting1286 Words   |  6 PagesPhysical education being mandatory in a school setting is a very controversial issue in our world today. Many general education teachers think it is a waste of time, students are not learning, and/or more attention should be focused strictly on classroom studies and schoolwork. Therefore, the number one question is, should physical education in a school setting be mandatory? A debate between two high school students was divided equally. Mara Cobb, a senior from Kentucky, describes, in a typicalRead MoreFederal Law That Mandates Special Education For Children With Disabilities972 Words   |  4 Pages1975, congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Kritzer, 2012, p. 53), which was later renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a federal law that mandates special education f or children with disabilities. IDEA requires public schools to provide students with disabilities a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). LRE requires school districts to educate studentsRead MoreObesity : The Second Leading Cause Of Death779 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the prevention of obesity through healthy life style and physical activity. Overweight and obesity are the result of caloric imbalance. Healthy life style habits, such as healthy eating and physical activity can reduce the risk of becoming obese and developing related diseases. The dietary and physical activity of children are greatly influenced by many sectors of society, including families, schools, communities, child care settings, medical care providers, , government agencies, faith-basedRead MoreIncreased Physical Activity and Nutrition Education Will Reduce Childhood Obesity1136 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The average school year for students in grades K-12 consists of 180 days, with an average of 7 hours per day. Seven hours per day times the 180 days per school year totals to 1,260 hours per school year. The US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) recommends that children and adolescents spend 60 minutes per day engaging in physical activity that are muscle and bone strengthening (The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD), 2013)Read MoreThe Advantages Of Homeschooling Vs. Public Schools726 Words   |  3 Pagesparents choose the traditional form of school for their children, which is a public school. There is a small minority of parents that choose to homeschool their children. There is a debate whether homeschooled children are receiving the same education as those that attend public or private schools, taught by teachers. Homeschooling and public schools can both have benefits and disadvantages. Public schools are generally where most children receive their education today. Parents know that they are puttingRead MoreBenefits of Physical Education Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Physical Education in Elementary and Early Childhood Settings Tracy Linwood PED 212: Foundation of Movement amp; Motor Activities Instructor Carly Davenport June 6, 2012 Benefits of Physical Education in Elementary and Early Childhood Settings The need for quality physical education in elementary schools is an important needed foundation for young children to maintain a future healthy lifestyle. The benefits of having physical education in elementary schools are endless. ForRead MoreSchool Setting An Open Door Policy Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesto be taught in a small class setting with a particular group of students, this practice can take place in either a public or private setting. Many parents also believe that behavior infractions and incidents of conflict are fewer in the private school setting. Conflicts are subjects to arise in any setting any particular time. Parents also believe that more personable relationship will be able to be formed with the school administration in a private school setting. Parents feel a sense of comfortRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Huge Problem1064 Words   |  5 Pagessocio-structural, and environmental. What you eat and lack of exercise performed daily are the most familiar causes of obesity but other factors play a very big role in the cause of this disease. Education plays a huge role in preventing this disease and there are many settings that you can be educated in such as the school system, hospitals or doctors’ offices, home and even work. Occupational therapists can also play a role in educate on how certain occupations can prevent obesity. Childhood obesity is affected

Com/155 Appendix C Rhetorical Modes Essay - 1750 Words

Associate Program Material Appendix C Rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least 2 tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. |Rhetorical Mode |Purpose – Explain when or why |Structure – Explain what organizational |Provide 2 tips for writing in | | |each rhetorical mode is used. |method works best with each rhetorical mode. |each rhetorical mode. | |Narration |The purpose of narration is to |Narrative methods represent a form of inquiry|1. Clarity. Complex words†¦show more content†¦pretty | | |designed for various business | |well anything in the learning | | |purposes. †¢to convey a message | |materials area except basic | | |†¢Advertising and Attracting | |teachers notes, these days!),| | |Attention †¢Education | |write the material initially | | |Furthermore, illustrations (just| |roughly page for page, as you | | |as well as photographs) can be | |imagine it will be eventually.| | |used to draw attention to | |2. There is always a | | |certain information. | |temptation to try to fit too | | |Illustration is something a | |much on a page. Too little | | |person sees first even before | |white space makes for poor |

Quality is Being Perfect Free Essays

string(24) " have not gained value\." Achieving quality† is said to be a major issue throughout industry, commerce and government bodies. It†s just not passing craze of flavour of the month. Quality is vital for growth, survival and prosperity of every organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality is Being Perfect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, more and more organisations are placing greater emphasis on quality in order for them to prosper and become successful. In this essay I will be explaining the different concepts of quality, which are established by different institutes and people. I will then compare these concepts and give my view on each of them. In the second part of this essay I will be looking at areas of commonality and difference between ‘quality of product manufacture† and ‘quality in service†. Quality is difficult to define but what is sure is that we all know when it is achieved and when it is not. This assessment of quality is subjective and it can vary from different perceptions of individuals. It is the perception of the individual, by what influences his experience and what he thinks. Overall, the word quality can mean different things to different people. For example, the first car that I bought appeared to me to be of superior quality, even though it was thirteen years old, had many rust patches and the roof was leaking. On the other hand, a company director who drives a Rolls Royce may think that the car is a load of scrap. The second-hand car to me was quite satisfactory where it got me to my required destinations, but the company director may think it is bad advertisement and unreliable. For this reason, quality can be defined as ‘fitness for purpose†. It can be defined as fitness for purpose because the second-hand car was fit for my purpose. The definition ‘fitness for purpose†, was defined by an early American quality guru, Dr Joseph Juran. He always believed that if a product was fit for purpose, then it was a quality product. But from my perspective, this is not always true. This is because the second-hand car that I bought was fit for my purpose (transported me in safety), but it was not conceived to be a quality car by many of the people who I showed it to, except the sycophants who always tried to please me. Many people stated that the car was a ‘reject† due to the fact that it was rusty and the roof was leaking. Now that I have sold it, I would agree with these people, it was not a quality car, but it was fit for purpose. So therefore, this prime example gives you an indication that ‘fitness for purpose† does not always mean quality. The definition begs the question of ‘whose purpose? † Plato†s (philosopher) theory suggests that it was the customer who defined the purpose and the customer who defined quality. But Juran†s definition does not even mention the purpose of the customer. Another problem with the fitness for purpose definition is that the purpose may not always be known. Juran believes that the majority of quality problems are because of poor management, rather than poor employee work. In general, he believes that management controllable defects account for over 80 per cent of total quality management problems. Overall, Juran†s definition is too elementary where there is a need to closely define to what is going to be offered, then quality can become ‘conformance to requirements†. Conformance to requirement is widely used in industry to define quality. â€Å"This definition is often attributed to Philip Crosby, another well-known guru of quality†. (Owen,B 1995). Crosby believed that if a product were conformed to requirement, then there would be no such thing as a quality problem where the company itself has established its products based directly on its customers† needs. The Crosby definition places an emphasis to meet a certain specification that also leads to an emphasis on the reliability of the product or service. Reliability ranks with quality in importance where â€Å"it is the ability of the product or service to continue to meet the customer requirements†. (Oakland, 1995). Crosby also states that when a product is produced or when a service is delivered, it should have ‘zero defects†, where you should ‘get it right first time†. What zero defects means is not that people never make mistakes, but that the company does not start expecting them to make mistakes. But from my point of view and from Juran†s perspective, the zero defects approach cannot always help an organisation to achieve quality. Juran believes that employees should be given long-term training, where it should start at the top of the hierarchy of the organisation. The problem with Crosby†s quality control approaches are that there can be clear dangers that the customers can become less important than the standard of the product because there is too much emphasis on control and getting things right first time. This is because every organisation should be able to make certain mistakes and learn from them the next time around. One advantage of his approach is that he places more emphasis on prevention, rather than inspection, so therefore, there can be increased quality where the costs can decrease and thus increasing profits. The main problem with Crosby†s definition is that it is too simplistic. Producing a product that is conformed to requirement that has had no problems during the manufacturing process does not necessarily mean that it is a quality product. For example, a golf player who completes a round without breaking the rule is not necessarily a good quality player. Also, a driver who drives home without breaking the law is not necessarily a quality driver The fitness for purpose and conformance to requirement definitions seeks to establish a level of performance that is acceptable to customers where their needs are met and where they have no cause to complain. But between these two levels there is a ‘grey† area, where the specification is achieved, but where the customers may feel that they have not gained value. You read "Quality is Being Perfect" in category "Essay examples" For this reason quality can be concerned with ‘ providing a service that delights our customers†. This definition was originated by the late American quality guru, Dr W. Edwards Deming. â€Å"He was the first American quality expert to teach Japanese managers about quality. â€Å"Deming†s work in Japan has been identified as putting Japan on the road to leadership in international business and industry†. (Internet). Deming argued that the customer should not just be satisfied, but delighted in order to gain repeat custom. He also stated that you should always keep ahead of your customers† expectations that include every aspect of supplier-customer relationship, not just the product or service being provided. From my perspective, Deming†s approach to quality is much more perplexing than Juran and Crosby†s definitions. Both Juran and Crosby were focused too much on the product, but Deming covers all of the aspects of quality. Deming also allocates the measurement of quality through statistical calculations where Juran and Crosby are more concerned with the production process measurements. Another quality guru, Armand V. Feiggenbaum who is the chairman of the International Academy of Quality, stresses that quality does not mean ‘best†, but ‘best for the customer use and selling price†. What Fienbaum†s definition is trying to say is that products should be produced to customer requirements and be sold at a good reasonable price, thus achieving quality. From my perspective, this is a good definition. For example, if I buy a television that contains a lot of features, it†s reliable, unique and it is at a good reasonable price, then it would be a quality product to me. Also many people associate price with quality, people expect better quality when paying more, thus Fienbaum gives a good clear definition of quality. To Fienbaum, quality is a way of managing an organisation. He stresses that quality does not only mean that customer problems have to be fixed faster. Like Juran, he says that leadership is essential to a company†s success. Finally, I am going to talk about a well known Japanese guru, Kaoru Ishikawa who is known as the father of ‘quality circles†. Ishikawa stresses that ‘quality does not only mean the quality of a product, but also of after sales service, quality of management, the company itself and the human being. Ishikawa†s definition is trying to say that all of the aspects of the organisation have to be known to be of good quality standard. For example, Rolls Royce produces quality cars but also the company itself and the management is known to be of good quality. So therefore if all of the aspects of the organisation are good quality, then this can lead to good corporate reputation, thus increasing sales and profits. Overall, Ishikawa†s definition is similar to Deming†s and Fienbaum†s definition, where there is a focal point to look at all of the stages of providing quality. In conclusion, all of the guru†s definitions are different and have all proved to be successful in their own situations. It is also worth remembering that all the gurus are consultants and have different definitions due to the fact that they come from different business backgrounds, so therefore, their approaches to quality differ from each other. Now that I have defined the different concepts of quality, I am now going to explain the difference between ‘quality in product manufacture† and ‘quality in service delivery†. A product is any goods other than land, bridges or buildings and includes a product which is comprised within another product whether by virtue of being a component part or raw material or otherwise†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). On the other hand â€Å"A service encounter is any direct interaction between a service provider and customers†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). Industries, such as financial services, health care, tourism, government, transport and communications have their business activities focused on services rather than products. Quality customer service is now a focus of every organisation where it is typically achieving a competitive advantage. â€Å"Consumers, be they individuals, households or businesses, are more aware of the alternatives on offer; in relation to both services/products, and to provide organisations and rising standards of service†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). Overall, the quality of service delivery has become as important as the quality of product manufacture. However, they have several characteristics that distinguish them from each other when providing quality to customers. One main difference between quality in product manufacture and quality in service delivery is that products are tangible and services are not. So therefore when manufacturing a product, a firm will have to make sure that there are no defects on the product and that the product is conformed to requirement. This is because if there are any defects on the product, then consumers have a right to complain with tangible evidence (the product). On the other hand, services are intangible; there is usually little or no tangible evidence to show once a service has been performed. For example, when a mortgage adviser has given his proposition to a consumer, later the consumer will have little or no evidence of the service delivery to prove how good or bad it was. So consequently, from one perspective, service organisations can afford to make mistakes and not get blamed for them, although it can lead to a bad corporate image and serious damages, such as in health care situations. Overall, quality in a product will be evident but quality in service delivery does not always have to be evident due to the fact that services can be intangible. Another key difference between these two is that poor quality products can be replaced but poor quality services cannot always be replaced. So therefore, as Philip Crosby says, you will have to ‘get it right first time† with ‘zero defects† when delivering a service. Overall, an organisation can afford to make mistakes when achieving quality in a manufactured product. But an organisation cannot afford to make mistakes when delivering a service due to the fact that it is very hard or impossible to rectify a poor quality service. For example, if a nurse in the hospital drops a baby and as a result, the baby has a brain damage, then this mistake in the service will be very impossible to rectify. So therefore, in services, such as health care, there are generally fewer errors than in products due to the serious consequences that a service organisation (hospital) can face if it makes a mistake. As Deming states, organisations will have to delight the consumer through their services in order to achieve quality. So therefore, it is essential for service providers, such as doctors, to get it right first time. One other major difference is that it is more difficult to use quality standards in services than products, in the conventional sense. This is because there is the characteristic of heterogeneity, where variability exists in services as a function of labour inputs and non-standardisation of delivery. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). There can be small variations in products but services can have large variations, it all depends on the individual who is delivering the service. Overall, different individuals deliver services in various different ways. Elimination of the virus of variability in products is easier to tackle than services. Deming†s concept of statistical control is widely used in industry in order to eliminate variation in products. The behaviour of the process remains the same over time with controlled variation and by the use of statistical control. If no statistical control is used, then the behaviour of the process is likely to change, usually in unpredictable ways and at unpredictable times with uncontrolled variation. So therefore, statistical control over the manufacturing of products can achieve quality and eliminate variation. But the problem with the statistical concept is that it cannot eliminate variation in service delivery, the statistical concept is only suitable for manufacturing products. From my perspective, training the staff can only eliminate service variation as Juran says. Overall, I think that huge variations in products such as Walkers Crisps can devalue the product because consumers expect the same taste from each packet, that is said to be of good quality and number one in the UK market. However, there is slight variation in Walkers Crisps, but this is usually common with ever packet of crisp. Recently, there was a research taking place in the UK that is working towards eliminating the variation of tastes of each crisp. The elimination of variation in crisps is another step towards achieving quality in product manufacture. On the other hand, it is sometimes said that the variation in services often produce quality. However, variations in services are usually dealt with by training the staff. Last of all, I think that it is harder to achieve and control quality in service delivery than product manufacture. This is because services (such as doctors† time) cannot be stored to meet fluctuations in demand, but products can be stored. In order to conform to requirement and delight the customer (achieve quality), service organisations will have to meet demands at perplexing times, or otherwise they will find it very difficult to achieve quality. An organisation that does not meet fluctuating demands can gain a bad corporate image, thus decreasing the overall quality of the organisation. I think that service organisations can only meet fluctuating demands by setting out standards. For example, opening seven days a week rather than five days a week or specially opening when demands are excessively high. Realistically, this can be very difficult to achieve. A recent example of a service organisation that is not meeting fluctuating demands is the National Health Authority (NHS). The flu syndrome has recently affected many people in the UK, including the elderly. As a result, more people have been attending to the doctors and hospitals, thus making it more difficult for the NHS to cope with the increasing demand levels. Many appointments and operations have been cancelled in many hospitals due to the increase of patients. This prime example gives you an idea that service organisations cannot always deliver quality due to the fact that they cannot always deliver there services on time. In the above example, many people have criticised the NHS of not providing quality services, in other words, not coping with the fluctuation of demand levels. Overall, I think that only if the whole organisational chain is functioning efficiently can quality be achieved in both products and services. The quality chain links all of the business, and its external suppliers, to provide quality to the consumers. This objective is only achieved if each chain link provides quality. If one fails, then the overall objective of achieving quality is very unlikely to be achieved, the chain will not be functioning properly. For example, if a sales assistant does not have enough knowledge on a certain product, then the customer will not receive sufficient information on the product by the sales assistant,thus the quality of the product will be unrecognised. So therefore, the sales assistant is letting every one else down in the quality chain, thus, the chain will not will moving effectively. In overall conclusion, I think that different individuals perceive quality in different ways because everyone has different perceptions. I also think that in their definitions of quality, the gurus are looking at different aspects of quality in order to find different ways of saying the same thing. Basically, ‘meeting customer requirements† achieves quality because you are producing and delivering what the customer wants you to produce and deliver. As well as meeting customer requirements, ‘delighting the customer† is also a good concept of quality because you are going beyond your customers† expectations when delighting your customer with a product or service. However, all the gurus have different definitions due to the fact that they specialise in different business backgrounds, thus they all give a good definition of quality based on their past experiences. There are many differences in achieving quality in a product than achieving quality in a service. One of the differences is that services are tangible and products are not. Thus leaving little or no evidence of service delivery, even though is was not perceived as good quality. However, if mistakes are made in certain services, then these can not always be rectified, but when manufacturing a product, mistakes can usually be rectified easily without facing serious consequences. The main difference between quality in product manufacture and quality in service delivery is that products can be stored to meet fluctuations in demand, but on the other hand, services cannot always be stored, thus decreasing the quality of service delivery. A good example of a service not being stored is the NHS that is not meeting its recent demand levels. Also, another difference between these two is that there is more variation in services than products. Product variations can usually be controlled, but service variations are more difficult to control, thus this can decrease or increase the quality of service delivery. Last of all, I think that it is more important for service providers to ‘get it right first time† due to the fact that poor services are hard to replace, where faulty products are easily replaced. How to cite Quality is Being Perfect, Essay examples

Currency and Efficacy of a Diversity Policy

Question: Discuss about the Currency and Efficacy of a Diversity Policy. Answer: Introduction Organization diversity describes the multiplicity of distinctness among the people in a firm. Diversity includes receiving and respect. It refers to recognizing that every person is special, and an understanding of the person variation. These distinctions can comprise traditions, sexual direction, gender, physical ability, age, religious belief, family status, experience, ideologies or other perspectives. Moreover, study have depicted that the most connected workers are those who are employing in a diverse, fair and open environment. Hence, this research aims on identifying the diversity policy existing at Australian Postal Corporation. Assisting diversity in organization reduces the amount of partiality and concludes in making the environment that is favorable for the workers development. Diversity and its significance Diversity, regarding the organization, mainly describes the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) crews beneath-delegated in an organization. Hence, these crews comprise: indigenous and/or Torres channel Islander group; disable people; group of racial, cultural and ethno-religious alternative groups; teenage people under 25; and females in senior guidance position. Diversity is rapidly raising like a property of a firm and connected to finest economic conducts. Diversity is said to be the essential segment of how the people carry out the business and crucial to the commercial development. Hence, the group identifies that the people requires imitating the clients and local societies. Diversity policy and its benefit The organizational diversity policy is the assurance by the section to make the company that is better and comprehensive, and creates an organization which effectively imitates the diversity of the scholars, guardians and the societies. According to APC, the criticism in the aspect of partiality handling internally in a company attached with the example of preference and irritation according to employees. The success and its competitiveness are based upon its capability to grip diversity and identify the benefits. When the firms rapidly evaluate their applying of the organizational diversity problems, advances and execute diversity strategies, numerous benefits are stated, like: Enlarged flexibility, Widened service variety, More better implementation, Multiplicity of perspective. Objectives of diversity policy According to the APC, the motives and objectives involve transparency and effectiveness as they mainly depict what the firm has aimed to achieve within the diversity policy. The organizational diversity policy offers a structure for the section top obtain: The numerous and experienced employees that imitates the diversity of the scholars, career/parents and the society. An organization tradition that promotes comprehensive practices and traits for the profits of all matters and public education and instruction structure. Developed employment and career advancement chances for people who are beneath represented to the organization over the particular programs. The work surrounding that signifies and uses the involvement of workers with varied experience, backgrounds, skills and educational standards. Consciousness within every crew of their privileges and liabilities regarding to equity, honesty and respect for all characteristic of diversity. Legislations at diversity policy The legislation is applied in place for saving people over inequity. It requires assuring people the same behavior despite of a specific uniqueness or past domination in connection to service, proposal of service and in other examples not connected to employment. Legislation draws official needs of manager; though, the superior aim is not basically regarding official agreement but developing a tradition of approval in an organization. Declaration of devotion to legislative regulations according to organizational harassment, gender variety, same chances are created by the Australian study in its workforce opportunity description. The program available to the following groups: LGBT It refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) group of people within an organization as the comprehensive part of the human diversity. According to APC, it is the policy which defines the bullying and harassment to the feature of frightening to disclose the sexual orientation of an individual. Age-based diversity It is known as the recognition of every age class in an organization. Australian study described the complete adult traineeship that assist adult training for a time of a year or two with assurance of training companies by legislative registrations. Gender equity - Gender equity is acquired when all gender people are capable to contact and like the identical plunder, possessions and prospects. Disability The disable people are judged as the normal people as well as the skills and talents they inherit, which is required to work in an organization. Migrant worker It discovers safety and health features regarding the migrants employees in multi-cultural structure. Many suppositions are made about the cultural variation, secured and healthy manners. Diversity policy disseminated to staff For the better information delivery, means of providing plays the significant role in formulating the plans made for the better information. Dissemination is the process which gets started as the half of the complete cost of the assignment; hence it must be strategized from the start. Australian post describes the policy of employees in an organization needs concern on this problem and applying diversity of at their organization. Effective dissemination takes place with the help of its significance to match the needs and message of the people. Review of policy diversity This policy is applied for setting out the important needs in connection to the administration of organization diversity in the commission. Specifically, it draws the commissions organization diversity program and refers the advance to sensible modification in an organization. Internal and external forums to celebrate the progress and development According to APC, the study depicts the establishment of aforementioned policy and plans to help improve the diversity in a company. Internal it includes reintegration with career/parent, letter. External it involves letter, reintegration with career/parent. Recommendation for improving diversity in an organization Making the more varied employees in the small business is significant not just for the fulfillment with anti-equity regulations; also it can profit the organization from the sale and productivity perception. Varying the employees can result delicate, as few workers may not connect better with the people from varied traditions or backgrounds. Few recommendations can assist not in the hiring of the more varied employees. Starts evaluating to involve higher ratio of domestic people. Narrow workers response mechanism and starts taking measures to develop function of workers objection referring section. Start firm evaluations for advancing privacy and pride of workers under the LGBTI group. Conclusion Legislative bodies have applied the diversity policy that depicts the firm's assurance to guarantee a varied combination of experience as well as capacity subsist in its leaders, administrators and workers, to improve organization performance. This study aims on the significance of outlining and recognizing the diversity policy pertaining to the APC. References Nick Moore. Policy Studies Institute, 1995. Starren, A., Hornixk, J. Luijters, K., Occupational safety in multicultural teams and organizations: A research agenda, Safety Science, 2012. Human Rights Campaign, Corporate Equality Index: Rating American Workplaces on Lesbian. Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality 2011. Mirvac Board., allen Pascoe, GM Human Resources Operation, 2011. ILO - International Labour Office, Labour inspection in Europe: undeclared work, migration, trafficking/ - ILO, Geneva, 2010. Blakiston Crabb, summary of diversity policy, 2007.