Comparison of Canada and Europe

Comparison of Canada and Europe 16th February 2017 Group Members: Dharti Gandhi Sanam Akbar Ahamed Jifin Shahsad Brief of Canada and European Country Introduction Canada is the worlds second-largest country in terms of Trade. Economic and political relation between Canada and Europe started from 1950s. Europe and Canada have similar culture and comparable forms of government. Canada and Europe speaks similar languages (French and English) this is official and popular languages. Canadas relationship with Europe is an outcome of the historic link by Colonialism and bulk European immigrant to Canada. The history of Canadas relations with Europe is best accepted in series of economic contracts. In 1976 the European Economic Community (EEC) and Canada authorized a basic agreement on Economic Co-operation. In June 2007, the government of Canada have been forcing the European country to discuss Free Trade Agreement between this two countries. This idea was supported by more than 100 Canadian and European chief executive. In June 2009, European Trade commissioner and Canadian minister of international trade, announced to initiate the discussions for comprehensive economic and trade agreement. Business environment between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) is a tax-free trade agreement between Canada and European Union. This agreement came into action in July 2016. CETA will help Canada to get global exposure in trade. The contract deducts the tariff barrier between Canada and European Union. This agreement is a liberal trade contract which covers virtually all aspect and sectors of Canada -EU trade in order to eradicate or avoid trade walls. The national parliaments of the EU Participant States would then also need to approve CETA for the areas which fall below their obligation to take effect. CETA is an innovative trade agreement between the EU and Canada. Itll make it easier to export goods and services, benefitting people and businesses in both the EU and Canada. The Canada and European Union accepted and signed CETA on 30 October 2016. The European Parliament and European Union national parliaments must accept CETA before it can take complete effect. Trade law between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a free trade between Canada and the European Union. If the act is passed, this could enhance the overall trade of Canada and buildup a solid relation between European countries. Finally, the discussions were concluded in August 2014. Altogether 28 European Union member states approved the ultimate text CETA for signature, with Belgium being the final nation whose ministers accepted it. Justin Trudeau, Canadian prime minister moved to Brussels on 30 October 2016 to sign on behalf of Canada. It sanctioned by the European Parliament, most of the agreement will take effect on a provisional basis. The remaining parts of the agreement are subject to approval by national legislatures. The European Commission indicates the treaty will benefit the country to save of more than half of a billion euros in taxes for EU exporters every year, joint recognition in planned professions such as architects, accountants and engineers, and easier transfers of company staff and other professionals between the EU and Canada. This created more job opportunities for highly qualified professionals. The European Commission claims CETA will generate a more level in performance field between Canada the EU on intellectual property rights. Provisions Primarily, many of its provisions on copyright were in thought to be identical to the controversial ACTA, which was rejected by the European parliament in 2012. The European Commission has indicated that this is not the case. The main Portion of the Agreement is harsher enforcement of intellectual property, as well as liability for Internet Service Providers(ISP), a ban on technologies that can be used to circumvent copyright, and other provisions comparable to controversial ACTA, DMCA, PIPA, and SOPA, Copyright term extension. Under the Berne convention the term of copyright law in Canada is life of the author, in addition 50 years. The EU is demanding that Canada add an additional 20 years by making the term life plus 70 years. WIPO ratification. As per the WIPO internet treaties Canada must respect the rights and obligations. The EU only formally ratified those treaties [in the week of 16 December 2009]. Anti-circumvention provisions. According to the EU Canada must implement anti-circumvention provisions that contain a ban on the circulation of circumvention devices. There is no such requirement in the WIPO Internet treaties. Resale rights. As per the EU agreements Canada must implement a new resale right that would make available artists with a royalty based on any resales of their works. Making available or distribution rights. This shows EU is demanding that Canada implement a distribution or making available right to copyright owners. Strength and weakness of Europe and Canada Strength of Europe 1. Tax welcome trading among followersone of the foremost welfares that are existing to the member nations of the EU is that they are able to craft with additional affiliates at no extra tax policy. This supports to keep charges of properties and diet depressed in these nations. 2. Unlocks additional openingsProgram between all of the nations in the EU is entirely free and exposed for all peoples. This unlocks up many more career and edification chances for public. Specially ones who are in deprived nations. 3. Values is not missingThe EU has not ever had an official language and doesnt restrict with the cultural parts of any nation. This aids to certify that, while you are part of the union, you are also your personal nation. 4. A shared currencyAll of the fellow kingdoms of the EU have the identical type of exchange, the euro. This makes doing corporate, wandering or moving to further republics, and obtaining things much modest. It also makes a logic of harmony among the realms. Weak points of Europe 1. Communication fencesIt develops actual tough for the EU to communicate with all its peoples since they all speak unlike verbal. This also influence the sensitivity of unity among its followers. It makes it tougher to bring public organized. 2. Common wealth is not permanently decentGreat and rich nations that are followers of the European Union, like Germany, have to stake their capital with much smaller and inferior realms. This avoids any one country from too powerful, which is a depraved thing for kingdoms that have the capability to become world bests. 3. Departure is a trickyonce a nation agrees to join the EU, it is enormously tough for them to leave it. This makes several individuals troubled from linking, because if it destructively effects their nation, there is tiny that they can do about it. 4. Differentiates against possible associatesIn order to link the European Union, you must be a portion of Europe. Europes boundaries are mostly open-ended, which gives the EU the authority to pick and take who they would comparable to join the union. Strength of Canada 1. Entrepreneurial care: The Canadian administration cares entrepreneurship. With several avenues of tax discounts and tax breaks, Canadian entrepreneurs feel more self-assured (reporting less fear of letdown) in structure minor businesses or labeling themselves self-employed. 2. Niche market growing: Canada has seen a rush of income through exporting in niche markets, with the progress of Canadian diamonds, but largely within the ice wine industry. In 2014, ice wine made active 29% of their over-all export value. And the figures endure to raise. 3. Near to Americans: As the United States neighbor, Canada has got the backings of extensive employment surplus with America. This accounts for bumpily three-fourths of Canadian merchandise exports to each time. Weakness of Canada 1. The changing Canadian dollar: The Canadian dollar has been up and down (mostly down) which has gradually begun a rift through the kingdom. Unfortunately, thousands have vanished works while the dollar stays to incline. 2. Dependence on the US: While the nearness to America assists as a profit to Canada, the dependence can be a softness. A huge percentage of Canadian exports (over 74%) drive to America. During the US collapse, Canadian exports were wounded. So, if the US markets ache, Canada may also. Trade agreement between Canada and Europe The Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) is a tax-free trade agreement between Canada and European Union. This agreement came into action in July 2016. CETA will help Canada to get global exposure in trade. The contract deducts the tariff barrier between Canada and European Union. This agreement is a liberal trade contract which covers virtually all aspect and sectors of Canada -EU trade in order to eradicate or avoid trade walls. Critics oppose the treaty in light of the fact that it will debilitate European consumer rights, including those concerning sustenance security, and that tariffs are already very low. It has also been scrutinized as a boon only enormous business and multinational organizations while risking net-losses, unemployment, and environmental damage affecting individual residents. The deal also includes a controversial investor-state dispute settlement mechanism. The agreement has prompted protests in Europe and Canada. Import and export-Trade picture In 2015 Canada was the EUs 12th most important trading partner, accounting for 1.8% of the EUs total external trade. The EU was Canadas second most important trading partner, after the U.S., with around 9.5% of Canadas total external trade in goods in 2015. The value of bilateral trade in goods between the EU and Canada was à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬63.5 billion in 2015. Machinery, chemicals and transport equipment dominate the EUs exports of goods to Canada. Pearls and precious metals, and mineral products dominate the imports of goods from Canada. Machinery and chemicals also constitute an important part of the EUs imports from Canada. European investors held investments worth à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬274.7 bn in Canada while Canadian direct investment stocks in the EU amounted to almost à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬166 bn in 2014. Key elements of the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Eliminating obligations this will happen rapidly with the greater part of them going when the assertion goes into compelling. Generally speaking, both sides will completely dispose of tariffs on over 99% of all tariff lines. Industrial taxes these will be completely changed sparing EU exporters a normal around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬500 million (practically C$ 700 million) in obligations a year. As such, EU exporters will be relieved of the expenses of paying levies when offering selling goods on the Canadian market. Agricultural levies Canada is an exceptionally important fare showcase for EU rural and prepared agrarian items, with yearly offers of over à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 2.9 billion. The agreement will rapidly largely at entry into force dispose of obligations on farming. Before the finish of the transitional periods, Canada and the EU will change, separately, 92.8 % and 93.5 % of exchange lines in horticulture. Fisheries most obligations will be wiped out at entry into force. Other than duties, the fish bundle additionally incorporates different components important to EU firms, for example, better access to Canadian fish for the EU preparing industry. Reasonable fisheries will be created in parallel, specifically with respect to checking, control and reconnaissance measures, and the battle against illicit, unreported and unregulated fishing. DISPUTES BETWEEN CANADA AND EUROPEAN COUNTRY THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN TO WTO On 13 May 2003, Canada asked for conferences with the European people group concerning certain measures taken by the EC and its part States influencing imports of farming and nourishment imports from Canada. With respect to group level measures, Canada stated that the ban connected by the EC since October 1998 on the endorsement of biotech items has limited imports of horticultural and nourishment items from Canada. With respect to State-level measures, Canada attested that various EC part States keep up national advertising and import bans on biotech items despite the fact that those items have as of now been affirmed by the European people group for import and showcasing in the European people group. As per Canada, the measures at issue gave off an impression of being conflicting with the ECs commitments under: Articles 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.5, 5.6, 7 and 8, and Additions B and C of the SPS Assentation; Articles 2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 5.1 and 5.2 of the TBT Understanding; Articles I:1, III:4, X:1 and XI:1 of the GATT 1994; and Article 4.2 of the Farming Understanding. Canada likewise considered that the measures at issue invalidate or impede benefits gathering to Canada in the feeling of Article XXIII: 1(b) of the GATT 1994. Australia, Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, New Zealand and the Assembled States asked for to join the conferences. The EC educated the DSB that they had acknowledged the solicitations of Australia, Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, New Zealand and the Assembled States to join the counsels. On 7 August 2003, Canada asked for the foundation of a board. At its meeting on 18 August 2003, the DSB conceded the foundation of a board. Opportunity for Canada to explore business in European country Europe has an infrastructure opportunities for Canadian companies. There will be Tariff Exclusion for Trade in Goods. Under CETA 98% of Europe tariff lines will become duty free for Canadian-origin things. In coming seven years there are plans to reduce and eliminate Tariffs of Canadian things which is export to Europe. For future prospects Europe will eliminate tariffs in Agriculture sector, Metal product, Seafood, Oil and gas sector. This new trade deal should be significant for future. But now it depends on Canadian companies on how they familiarize and respond to European opportunities. If they adapt this term confidently, it is good for Canadian economy growth. COMPETITION AND THREATS FOR CANADA FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CANADA VS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Among the nations, Canada positions second (behind just Mexico) in each of the four segments analyzed computerized administrations, Research and development administrations, corporate administrations and assembling. Among these areas, Canada shows its most grounded outcomes in Research and development administrations, due to some extent to the government and commonplace Research and development impose credits accessible. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The high esteem US dollar ended up being a key figure the rankings for some nations. Canadas cost favorable position in respect to third-put Netherlands just changed barely, while Canadas cost preference over Australia declined due (to a limited extent) to the estimation of the Australian dollar declining by much more than the Canadian dollar with respect to the US cash. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢From an expense point of view, the UK, Canada and the Netherlands offer the least compelling rates of corporate salary assess over a scope of business areas, all aided by duty motivating forces intended to bolster Research and development and additionally other cutting edge exercises. THREATS 1. Tariffs The Exhaustive Financial Exchange Understanding amongst Canada and the EU, or CETA for short, was not proposed to only tinker with levies on imported products. From the beginning, the objective was a decrease in levies to zero and the opening up of new markets. Understanding has been come to on a considerable rundown of merchandise. Harper government pastors were out a week ago spotlighting a couple of these, including moderately low-esteem however interestingly Canadian things like maple syrup, kayaks and Tilley caps. A few areas are balanced for a more considerable score under CETA, and the legislature is planning to advertise the arrangements potential in view of territorial interests: 2. Cultivate wares achievement? The playing field amongst Canadian and European agriculturists is famously hard to level: European nations finance their residential homestead ventures to a degree not seen (and not moderate) in Canada. Truth be told, Canadas supply-administration framework for dairy, eggs and poultry, which will stay under this assention, is intended to maintain a strategic distance from government sponsorships by controlling the costs purchasers pay to guarantee stable returns for agriculturists. 3. Licensed innovation (copyright) Few issues have seen as energetic a verbal confrontation among common society gathers on both sides of the Atlantic as this. European requests for augmented licenses on physician endorsed drugs stay one of Canadas most troublesome choices, as medication expenses for areas and regions could bounce altogether. Be that as it may, other hot parts of the copyright face off regarding have cooled off. The entry prior this time of Canadas Copyright Demonstration changes, C-11, facilitated European requests to convey Canadian benchmarks up to scratch. 4. Government acquisition European access to expansive contracts at all levels of government in Canada has been a key EU request. Be that as it may, Canadian moderators had their very own particular request: A negative rundown approach, permitting regions and domains to draw up a rundown of craved exclusions. Dealing with the points of interest spent a great deal of arranging capital on both sides, however the final product is a rundown of exceptions like the one set up for the Purchase American concurrence with the U.S. SOURCE: http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/5-key-issues-in-the-canada-eu-trade-deal-1.1154782 https://home.kpmg.com/ca/en/home/media/press-releases/2016/03/canada-keep-stop-spot-as-cost-competitive-mature-market.html https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds292_e.htm https://home.kpmg.com/ca/en/home/media/press-releases/2016/03/canada-keep-stop-spot-as-cost-competitive-mature-market.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/5-key-issues-in-the-canada-eu-trade-deal-1.1154782

Do you think that Curley and his Wife Make a Good Couple? Essay

Over the course of the novel it becomes clear that the relationship between Curley and his wife is far from the typical picture perfect hearts and flowers romance that a â€Å"good† marriage should be. Through their insecurities and loneliness they are bonded, yet in their character and emotional state, they are completely separate. Steinbeck’s novel is set during the American depression, a time in which ranching became the crucial way of life for a large proportion of the population. At the time, the ranch owner – â€Å"the Boss†, held a huge amount of power that shaped the lives of the men who worked for him. He provided accommodation, paid wages and offered an alternative to the completely bleak and lonely existence that these mostly single men, without a family and without any other companion, would otherwise face. It could be said that he had the power of life or death over these men. Curley, being the Boss’ son, understood that he had an authority over the other men that allowed him to be the â€Å"mean little bastard† that he was. â€Å"He hates big guys†, Candy tells George after Curley tries to â€Å"take after Lennie†. His reputation in the ring makes him overly confident and turns him into a bully that sees everyone as a potential opponent. He picks on guys bigger than him to fill some lonely pit of insecurity within himself that wants the world against which he has a grudge to know that he is a â€Å"big man† despite his appearance. All the anger and hate within Curley, clearly have an effect on the relationship he shares with his wife. When confiding in Lennie, in the final scene of act 5, she tells him â€Å"I don’t like Curley. He aint a nice fella.† For most of the novel, Curley’s wife is depicted as the â€Å"tramp† â€Å"tart† and â€Å"loo loo† that the men perceive her to be. We are not allowed a deeper insight into her personality, her thoughts or indeed her dreams until later in novel when she opens up fully to Lennie- the one character without any prejudice and too naive to honestly believe her to be the jail bait the other claimed she was. We see her as a complex character with dreams and ambitions- â€Å"I coulda been in the movies†- a far cry from the stereotypical vixen out to seduce all of mankind! She is one of the most tragic personalities in â€Å"Of Mice and Men†, nameless and without identity we see her not as a person, a human being with character and emotions, rather a possession of Curley’s. â€Å"Curley’s wife†. That is her only role within the novel and being an underdog, she uses as her only advantage over the ranch men. â€Å"Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap?†, she threatens Crooks, the crippled black stable buck with her authority over him as Curley’s wife and her superiority as a white female. This reveals a nastier, darker side to her personality, one that makes it clear that she will do whatever she must to get by in a world dominated by men. This aspect of her nature is in stark contrast to the girly, high spirited and hopeful side we see as she talks of â€Å"making the pitchers† and of the guy who said â€Å"he was gonna put me in the movies† and â€Å"soon’s he got back to Hollywood he was gonna write to me about it.† Here she seems vulnerable and full of emotion- so much more human than the woman who only moments previously threatened to get Crooks lynched. We know that the relationship between Curley and his wife is far from perfect; one is always out looking for the other. Though this may be an excuse for his wife to talk to the ranch hands, the very fact that she has become this desperate for company highlights the gulf between them. The lack of communication between them means that the only relationship that they share is one of a physical nature. â€Å"Glove fulla Vaseline†, Curley keeps his hand â€Å"soft† for his wife- because he wishes to â€Å"show off his manliness†, this in no way is considerate towards her, it simply underlines yet another defect in their relationship. Curley’s wife tells Lennie how the two came to meet one another and ended up married. Curley was what she was left with, her only alternative to the high life of glitz and glamour that had no chance of turning into reality. She did not love him. In fact, she didn’t even like him â€Å"I don’t like Curley†. Her dislike for Curley and lack of concern for him again is evident when she â€Å"grows interested† whilst questioning Candy, Crooks and Lennie about how Curley came to break his hand. She shows no concern as a loving wife would, â€Å"Say- what happened to Curley’s han† She is merely curious and laughs when they tell her it was â€Å"caught in the machine†, â€Å"Baloney!† she cries. Another point to be made is that Steinbeck never places Curley and his wife together in the sae scene, other than the occasion on which Curley stood before his wife’s body- a time at which he was further away from her then he ever was when she was alive. They are mentioned together on many occasions, but are inevitably presented as two separate, different individuals. So close to one another, yet so far. Curley’s wife belongs to Curley. But she is not a part of him, just as he is not a part of her. A major reason as to why the relationship between Curley and his wife is so weak is because both characters are within themselves weak and insecure. Neither Curley, nor his wife has the power, the strength of personality or the will to go on without â€Å"support† or at least love. Curley is depicted as a character with an evil, twisted temperament who thrives upon power. Although our first impression of his wife is far from â€Å"good†, she is not evil- she is merely used to emphasise Steinbeck’s depiction of women as being trouble makers that bring ruin on man- Curley’s temper having worsened since their marriage and her role as a temptress being solely to get men locked up, or lynched. However different to one another, both characters are emotionally unstable, they don’t have the strength to support one another and so the chances of a relationship between the two working out are minimal. Indeed, at the end of the novel, when Curley realises that his wife is dead, instead of a feeling of deep hurt or loss that one usually feels after losing a close one, he immediately feels the need for revenge and so goes ahead to hunt Lennie down- his feelings of anger and to â€Å"get his own back† being stronger than the love he felt for his wife or sorrow ar her loss.

Best Man Wedding Speech Essay example - 536 Words

Best Man Wedding Speech Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen – Id like to start by saying that what a genuine honor it is to be part of Ricks wedding. Rick certainly is handsome tonight, with his fine rented tux and shoes. On a gala evening such as this, you may find it hard to believe that Rick has not always been so handsome. The truth is, Rick was so ugly at birth, the doctor slapped his mother! The nurses were no more sympathetic, they diapered poor little Rick’s face. The fact is, his parents were so embarrassed of Rick that they borrowed another baby for the baptism ceremony. When little Rick went to school, the situation didn’t improve at all. Yes, it is true that Rick was the teacher’s pet – but that was just because the†¦show more content†¦You should have seen the outfit he wore to his bachelors party (stag night). I told him that he should hang on to it - it might come back into style someday. He said that the outfit was new, he paid the clown over $20.00 for it! I first met Rick many years ago when he came to work with me. I remember one of my first impressions of Rick was someone that tried to dress well. He seemed to have a sense for fashion...and not being a very fashionable guy myself, I started to copy him in the sort of things he used to wear -- until my mother got mad at me for taking clothes from her wardrobe... But when it came to finding a wife, I dont think Rick couldve been luckier. Marty is a fantastic person and, as Im sure you will all agree, looks absolutely stunning tonite... My first impression of Marty was that she was a beautiful, witty, charming, clever, friendly and a thoughtful person... And it just goes to prove that old saying that opposites really do attract... I do want to Thank Rick Marty for allowing me to be involved in their Wedding Day, and in their wedding party...It is an honour and a priviledge to be a part of this special day with them... Marriage in this day and age is far from easy. 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Criminal Profile of Serial Killer Joel Rifkin

For five years, Joel Rifkin avoided capture as he used the city streets across Long Island, New Jersey, and New York City as his hunting ground, but once he was caught, it took little time for police to get him to confess to the murders of 17 women. Joel Rifkins Early Years Joel Rifkin was born on January 20, 1959, and adopted three weeks later by Ben and Jeanne Rifkin. Ben worked as a structural engineer and Jeanne was a homemaker who enjoyed gardening. The family lived in New City, a hamlet of Clarkstown, New York. When Joel was three, the Rifkins adopted their second child, a baby girl who they named Jan. After a few more moves the family settled into  in East Meadow, Long Island, New York. East Meadow was then much like it is today: a community of mostly middle to upper-income families who take pride in their homes and  community. The Rifkins blended quickly into the area and became involved in the local school boards and in 1974, Ben earned a seat for life on the  Board of Trustees at one of the towns main landmarks, The East Meadow Public Library. The Adolescent Years As a child, there was nothing particularly remarkable about Joel Rifkin. He was a  nice child but terribly shy and had a difficult time making friends. Academically he struggled and from the start, Joel felt that he was a disappointment to his father who was very intelligent and actively involved on the school board. Despite his IQ of 128, he received low grades as a result of undiagnosed dyslexia. Also, unlike his father who excelled in sports, Joel proved to be uncoordinated and accident-prone. As Joel entered middle school, making friends did not come easy. He had grown into a clumsy adolescent that appeared uncomfortable in his own skin. He naturally stood hunched over, which, along with his unusually long face and prescription glasses, led to constant teasing and bullying from his schoolmates. He became the kid that even the nerdy kids teased. High School In high school, things got worse for Joel. He was nicknamed Turtle due to his appearance and his slow, unsteady gait. This lead to more bullying, but Rifkin was never confrontational and seemed to take it all in stride, or so it appeared. But as each school year passed, he distanced himself further from his peers and chose instead to spend much of his time alone in his bedroom.   Considered to be an annoying introvert, there were no attempts made from any friends to coax him out of the  house unless it was to pull a mean prank, including hitting him with eggs, pulling down his pants with girls around to see, or submerging his head into a school toilet.   The abuse took its toll and Joel began avoiding other students by showing up late to classes and being the last to leave school. He spent much of his time isolated and alone in his bedroom. There, he began to entertain himself with violent sexual fantasies that had been brewing inside of him for years. Rejection Rifkin enjoyed photography and with the new camera given to him by his parents, he decided to join the yearbook committee. One of his jobs was to submit pictures of the graduating students and activities going on at school. However, like so many of Rifkins attempts to find acceptance among his peers, this idea also failed after his camera was stolen immediately after joining the group. Joel decided to stay on anyway and spent a lot of his spare time working on meeting the yearbook deadlines. When the yearbook was completed, the group held a wrap-up party, but Joel was not invited. He was devastated. Angered and embarrassed, Joel once again retreated to his bedroom and  submerged himself into true crime books about serial killers. He became fixated on the Alfred Hitchcock movie, Frenzy, which he found sexually stimulating, especially the scenes that showed women being strangled. By now his fantasies were always made with a repetitive theme of rape, sadism, and murder, as he incorporated the murders he saw on screen or read in books  into his own fantasy world. College Rifkin was looking forward to college. It meant a new start and new friends, but typically, his expectations turned out to be far greater than reality. He enrolled at Nassau Community College on Long Island and commuted to his classes with a car that was a gift from his parents. But not living in student housing or off-campus with other students had its drawbacks in that it made him even more of an outsider than he already felt. Again, he was facing a  friendless environment and he became miserable and lonely. Trolling for Prostitutes Rifkin began cruising the city streets around areas where prostitutes were known to hang out. Then the shy, slouched-over introvert who found it difficult to make eye contact with girls at school, somehow found the courage to pick up a prostitute and pay her for sex. From that point on, Rifkin lived in two worlds — the one that his parents knew about and the one filled with sex and prostitutes and  consumed his every thought. The prostitutes became a live extension of Rifkins fantasies that had been festering in his mind for years. They also became an inexhaustible addiction that resulted in missed classes, missed work, and cost him whatever money he had in his pocket. For the first time in his life, he had women around who seemed to like him which boosted his self-esteem. Rifkin ended up dropping out of college, then enrolling again at another college only to then drop out again. He was constantly moving out, then back again with his parents each time he flunked out of school. This frustrated his father and he and Joel would often get into big shouting matches about his lack of commitment towards getting a college education. The Death of Ben Rifkin In 1986, Ben Rifkin was diagnosed with cancer and he committed suicide the following year. Joel gave a touching  eulogy, describing the love that his father had given to him throughout his life. In truth, Joel Rifkin felt like a miserable failure who was a major disappointment and embarrassment to his father. But now with his father was gone, he was able to do what he wanted without the constant worry that his dark seedy lifestyle would be discovered. The First Kill After flunking out of his last attempt at college in the spring  of 1989, Rifkin spent all of his free time with prostitutes. His fantasies about murdering the women began to fester. In early March, his mother and sister left on vacation. Rifkin drove into New York City and picked up a prostitute and brought her back to his familys home. Throughout her stay, she slept, shot heroin, then slept more, which irritated Rifkin who had no interest in drugs. Then, without any provocation, he picked up a Howitzer artillery shell and struck her repeatedly on the head with it and then suffocated and strangled her to death. When he was certain that she was dead, he went to bed. After six hours of sleep, Rifkin awoke and went about the task of getting rid of the body. First, he removed her teeth and scraped her fingerprints off of her fingers so that she could not be identified. Then using an X-Acto knife, he managed to dismember the body into six parts which he distributed in different areas throughout Long Island, New York City, and New Jersey. Futile Promises The womans head was discovered inside a paint bucket on a New Jersey golf course, but because Rifkin had removed her teeth, her identity remained a mystery When Rifkin heard on the news about the head being found, he panicked. Terrified that he was about to get caught, he made a promise to himself that it was a one-time thing and that he would never kill again. (In 2013, the victim was identified through DNA as Heidi Balch.) Second Murder The promise not to kill again lasted about 16 months. In 1990, his mother and sister left again to go out of town. Rifkin seized the opportunity of having the house to himself and picked up a prostitute named Julia Blackbird and brought her home. After spending the night together, Rifkin drove to an ATM to get money to pay her and discovered he had a zero balance. He returned to the house and beat Blackbird with a table leg, and murdered her by strangling her to death. In the basement of his home, he dismembered the body and placed the different parts into buckets that he filled with concrete. He then drove into New York City and disposed of the buckets in the East River and the Brooklyn canal. Her remains were never found. The Body Count Climbs After killing the second woman, Rifkin did not make a vow to stop killing  but decided that dismembering the bodies was an unpleasant task that he needed to rethink. He was out of college again and living with his mother and working in lawn care. He tried to open a landscaping company and rented a storage unit for his equipment. He also used it to temporarily hide the bodies of his victims. In early 1991 his company failed and he was in debt. He managed to get a few part-time jobs, which he often lost because the jobs interfered with what he enjoyed most — strangling prostitutes. He also grew more confident about not getting caught. More Victims Beginning in July 1991, Rifkins murders began to come more frequently. Here is the list of his victims: Barbara Jacobs, age 31, killed July 14, 1991. Her body was found inside a plastic bag that had been placed into a cardboard box and put into the Hudson River.Mary Ellen DeLuca, age 22, killed on September 1, 1991, because she complained about having sex after Rifkin bought her crack cocaine.Yun Lee, age 31, killed on September 23, 1991. She was strangled to death and her body was put into the East River.Jane Doe #1, was killed in early December 1991. Rifkin strangled her during sex, put her body into a 55-gallon oil drum and dumped it into the East River.Lorraine Orvieto, age 28, was prostituting in Bayshore, Long Island when Rifkin picked her up and strangled her during sex. He disposed of her body by placing it into an oil drum and into Coney Island River where it was discovered months later.Mary Ann Holloman, 39, was killed on January 2, 1992. Her body was found the following July, stuffed inside an oil drum in Coney Island Creek.Iris Sanchez, age 25, killed on Mothers Day weekend , May 10, 1992. Rifkin put her body under an old mattress in an illegal dump area located near the JFK International Airport.Anna Lopez, age 33, and the mother of three children, was strangled to death on May 25, 1992. Rifkin disposed of her body along I-84 in Putnam County.Jane Doe #2 was murdered mid-winter 1991. On May 13, 1992, parts of her body were found inside an oil drum floating in Newton Creek in Brooklyn, New York.Violet ONeill, age 21, was killed in June 1992 at Rifkins mothers home. There he dismembered her in the bathtub, wrapped the body parts in plastic, and disposed of them in rivers and canals in New York City. Her torso was found floating in the Hudson River and days later other body parts were found inside of a suitcase.Mary Catherine Williams, age 31, was killed at Rifkins mothers home on October 2, 1992. Her remains were found in Yorktown, New York the following December.Jenny Soto, 23, was strangled to death on November 16, 1992. Her body was found the followi ng day floating in Harlem River in New York City.Leah Evens, 28, and the mother of two children  was killed on February 27, 1993. Rifkin buried the corpse in the woods on Long Island. Her body was discovered three months later.Lauren Marquez, 28, was killed on April 2, 1993, and her body was left in the Pine Barrens in Suffolk County, New York, on Long Island.Tiffany Bresciani, 22, was Joel Rifkins final victim. On June 24, 1993, he strangled her and put her body in his mothers garage for three smoldering days before getting the opportunity to dispose of it. Rifkins Crime Is Discovered At around 3 a.m. Monday, June 28, 1993, Rifkin swabbed his nose with Noxzema so that he could tolerate the pungent odor coming from the corpse of Bresciani. He placed it in the bed of his pickup truck and got on Southern State highway headed south to Melvilles Republic Airport, which is where he planned to dispose of it. Also in the area were state troopers, Deborah Spaargaren and Sean Ruane, who noticed Rifkins truck did not have a license plate. They attempted to pull him over, but he ignored them and kept driving. The officers then used the siren and a loudspeaker, but still, Rifkin refused to pull over. Then, just as the officers requested backup, Rifkin tried to correct a missed turn and went straight into a utility light pole. Unhurt, Rifkin emerged from the truck and was promptly placed in handcuffs. Both officers quickly realized why the driver had not pulled over as the distinct odor of a decaying corpse permeated the air. Tiffanys body was found and while questioning Rifkin, he casually explained that she was a  prostitute that he had paid to have sex with and then things went bad and he killed her and that he was headed to the airport so that he could get rid of the body. He then asked the officers if he needed a lawyer. Rifkin was taken to police headquarters in Hempstead, New York, and after a short period of questioning by detectives, he began to reveal that the body they discovered was just the tip of the iceberg and offered up the number, 17. The Search for Rifkins Victims A search of his bedroom in his mothers home turned up a mountain of evidence against Rifkin including womens drivers licenses, womens underwear, jewelry, prescription drug bottles prescribed to women, purses and wallets, photographs of women, makeup, hair accessories, and womens clothing. Many of the items could be matched to victims of unsolved murders. There was also a large collection of books about serial killers and porn movies with themes centered on sadism. In the garage, they found three ounces of human blood in the wheelbarrow, tools coated in blood and a chainsaw that had blood and human flesh stuck in the blades. In the meantime, Joel Rifkin was writing a list for the investigators with the names and dates and locations of the bodies of 17 women he had murdered. His recollection was not perfect, but with his confession, the evidence, missing person reports and unidentified bodies that had turned up over the years, 15 of the 17 victims were identified. The Trial in Nassau County Rifkins mother hired an attorney to represent Joel, but he fired him and hired law partners Michael Soshnick and John Lawrence. Soshnick was a former Nassau County district attorney and had a reputation for being a top-notch criminal lawyer. His partner Lawrence had no experience in criminal law. Rifkin was arraigned in Nassau County for the murder of Tiffany Bresciani, to which he pleaded not guilty. During the suppression hearing which began November 1993, Soshnick tried unsuccessfully to get Rifkins confession and his admission to killing Tiffany Bresciani suppressed, based on the grounds that the state troopers lacked probable cause to search the truck. Two months into the hearing, Rifkin was offered a plea deal of 46 years to life in exchange for a guilty plea of 17 murders, but he turned it down, convinced that his lawyers could get him off by pleading insanity. Throughout the four-month hearing, Soshnick offended the judge by showing up to court late or not at all and often arriving unprepared. This irritated Judge Wexner and by March he pulled the plug on the hearing, announcing that he had seen enough evidence to reject the defense motions and he ordered the trial to begin in April. Infuriated by the news, Rifkin fired Soshnick, but kept Lawrence on, even though it would be his first criminal case. The trial began on April 11, 1994, and Rifkin pleaded not guilty by reason of temporary insanity. The jury disagreed and found him guilty of murder and reckless endangerment. He was sentenced to 25 years to life. The Sentence Rifkin was transferred to Suffolk County to stand trial for the murders of Evans and Marquez. The attempt to have his confession suppressed was again rejected. This time Rifkin pleaded guilty and received an additional two consecutive terms of 25 years to life. Similar scenarios were played out in Queens and in Brooklyn. By the time it was all over, Joel Rifkin, the most prolific serial killer in the history of New York, was found guilty of murdering nine women  and had received a total of 203 years in prison. He is currently housed at the Clinton Correctional Facility in Clinton County, New York.

Essay on James I influence in Shakespeares Writing

After the Christian conquest across Europe during the medieval period other beliefs were restricted. This period was very authoritarian but later the Renaissance unlocked opportunities to the imagination and the idea of supernatural started to bloom. Although, the supernatural is sometime mistaken with the gods of certain religions, believing in ghosts and witches was independent from the people chosen religion. The question of the existence of the supernatural, or something bigger than us, in 16th century Europe focused mainly on God from the Christian perspective. During this time other supernatural characters were brought to light, affecting the politics of the monarchies as it did during the rule of King James I in England.†¦show more content†¦The tragedy of Macbeth, â€Å"darker and more cynical† (BBC-Higher Bitesize English -Background: Revision 1), written during the Jacobean period, reflected the insecurities of the time for the many prosecutions made by Jame s. The idea of Macbeth and Lady Macbeths conspiracy is said to be inspired from the Gunpowder Plot when Guy Fawkes and his men tried to blow up James and his parliament in 1605 (BBC-Higher Bitesize English -Background: Revision 2). This plot resulted in strict penalties on Roman Catholics and therefore created a feeling of terror among the population. It is also said that Shakespeare included Banquo in Macbeth in honor of the Stuarts: Banquo is of a political nature. It was believed at the time Macbeth was written that King James was Banquos direct descendant, and this presumption might have influenced Shakespeares characterization of Banquo as an innocent victim rather than an assassin. (Mabillard 19) At the beginning Banquos trust in Macbeth show the morals of a loyal friend and responsibility men as he does not try to hurry the process of his fate reveled by the witches. Historically, in the book Holinsheds Chronicles Banquo becomes an accomplice in the murder of King Duncan (Mabillard 17). Macbeth changes his role in Duncans murder to show his support for KingShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Literary Analysis1388 Words   |  6 Pages One may think Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story, while others may think the play was written as a warning to Queen Elizabeth (Bearman). One can understand William Shakespeare’s ideas for his plays by exploring his influences for Romeo and Juliet, MacBeth, and Hamlet. Shakespeare wrote many plays, one of his more famous one being Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare used many sources to create his famous play Romeo and Juliet, one source being a poem named titled Romeus andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1492 Words   |  6 Pagesessay four I decided to read â€Å"Macbeth† by William Shakespeare. The first time I read it, I kind of understood what it was about, but didn’t really understand it that well. 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Day Care in New York Free Essays

Currently there are only about twelve or so day-care investigators on Long Island, whose responsibilities are to inspect and monitor all 1,659 providers caring for 35,319 preschool children in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. This number of investigators is insufficient, and has hindered the ability of these two counties to properly inspect the quality of day care in These inspectors are called licensors or licensing representatives, who are civil servants and make a maximum of $44,739 this year. For an individual to be able to become an inspector of child care in the state of New York, the requirements are at least six years of experience as an inspector of day-care or other children’s programs or as a designer or reviewer of various social services programs, as well as some background The requirements in New York appear to be much stiffer than those in many other states. We will write a custom essay sample on Day Care in New York or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, California requires simply a college degree or six months experience with the state. Top officials have stated that all over the state of New York investigators have been struggling with their work as a result of the recent surge in day-care providers. The state has said that licensors will arquire help in the very near future. The help will arrive in two forms: In New York State this year, the number of cases per licensor is at its lowest since five years ago. It has dropped from 165 to 156 cases per licensor. During the next year, the state of New York will commission eleven or so workers at the Suffolk Department of Social Services and the Child Care Council of Suffolk to, working under contract with the state, inspect day-care providers in the county. This is in an attemp to lighten he work loads of the licensors in Suffolk county. â€Å"It swells our ranks in terms of people who are out there actually doing inspections and are able to recommend an enforcement act,† said Suzanne Zafonte Sennett, director of the state Bureau of Early Childhood Services. Nassau county has not yet voulenteered to participate because of doubts about the magnatudes of its potential positive effects. This year, for the first time ever, the state began giving formal training to licensing representatives. Experts from the State University of New York have developed two new training tools for the investigators. This past summer, the Long Island representatives went for their first ever formal training in day-care regulation, and have also in the past year obtained copies of a two volume manual of the state regulations, policy statements, state social services law and other guidelines to help investigators do their jobs more efficiently. Suzanne Zafonte Sennett also said that by next February investigators will have the aid of a new laptop-based computer network called the Child Care Facility System. This system will allow investigators to track each provider’s complete history that can be updated as necessary at a quite rapid rate and used by everyone working in the field of day-care regulation. The system will do away with the current abundance of stacks of paper and manila folders that are the core of the state’s system now, and will allow investigators to do their jobs quicker and with more efficiency. She said the plan is â€Å"basically, get rid of the paper and put the entire licensing inspection process and the monitoring process online through a The intense desire to improve the regulation of day-care recently has shown greatly. The percentage of child care complaints that were substantiated in the past five years is at its lowest, with drastic drops from 35% on Long Island to 19%, and 35% in New York State to 23%. If the current interest in improving the regulation of child care in the state of New York continues, the inspectors jobs will become less stressful, and child care will improve substantially and with great impact. How to cite Day Care in New York, Essay examples

The Age Of Aerospace- Learning From free essay sample

The Past Essay, Research Paper Introduction Human existences have ever been fascinated by flight. Cave people carved, sculpted, and painted winged animals surging through the sky. Grecian mythology Tells of the winged Equus caballus Pegasus, ancient Iranian myths Tell of winged bulls that guarded the royal halls, and a 4000 twelvemonth old Chinese narrative, from the Annalss of The Bamboo Books, describes how the Emperor Shun escaped from imprisonment by # 8220 ; wearing the work-clothings of a bird. # 8221 ; Peoples struggled for centuries to do human flight a world, and they succeeded. Man worked for decennaries to convey about the first infinite flight, and as the twentieth century draws to an terminal, we look to Mars and beyond in hopes of success. Aim Throughout this papers you will happen that the undermentioned three cardinal constructs, when applied in concurrence with one another, have lead to the most dramatic aerospace progresss. 1. Public consciousness and exhilaration. 2. International and intranational competition. 3. Motivation to put and achieve ends. Areas of involvement This papers will dig into the undermentioned countries, in an attempt to larn from the successes and failures of our predecessors. 1. The history of flight. 2. The history of the U.S. infinite plan. 3. Current aerospace engineerings. This cognition will so be used to glimpse into adult male # 8217 ; s hereafter in the Age of Aerospace. Figure 1: The Egyptian goddess Isis. ( 1 ) THE HISTORY OF FLIGHT Introduction Mans # 8217 ; early efforts at flight met with arrant catastrophe. Peoples would mount high drops or towers, armed with charming enchantments, homemade wings, or a combination of the two, and dip to their deceases as they attempted to wing. Figure 2 illustrates an setup designed for such a tower flight. The American Heritage History of Flight credits Roger Bacon as the first adult male to take a scientific attack to winging. Bacon described a machine that would utilize adult male powered unreal wings to crush the air like the wings of a bird. Although Bacon envisioned a winging machine, he made no effort to make one. The first great scientific innovator of air power would non come along until 150 old ages after Roger Bacon. Figure 2: A winging setup designed by the Gallic locksmith Besnier. AH PG 28. Leonardo district attorney Vinci Leonardo district attorney Vinci was an creative person, designer, musician, and mathematician. He detailed his thoughts and innovations in a series of manuscripts and drawings, Figure 3, which he left with a friend. These paperss did non have serious consideration until the late nineteenth century. Although scientific discipline had overtaken most of his thoughts by this clip, his looming mastermind resounded from his plants. Da Vinci # 8217 ; s manuscripts elaborate designs for the followers: 1. Parachute 2. Orthopters ( rolling flying devices ) 3. Balloons 4. Kites 5. Helicopter Da Vinci # 8217 ; s thoughts were followed by old ages of farcical theories of flight. These theories, and the narratives of those who attempted to formalize them, have some recognition for maintaining people interested in winging. Man wouldn # 8217 ; t wing until the late eighteenth century, and it wouldn # 8217 ; t be an orthopter or a chopper that would take him up, but a balloon. Figure 3:3 of Da Vinci # 8217 ; s designs, the orthopter, the parachute, and the chopper. AH PG 26 Ballooning The earliest balloons were manufactured in the late eighteenth century. These early balloons were originally designed with the undermentioned features: 1. Linen or paper building. 2. Hot air used to make lift. As with other aerospace engineerings, balloons were invariably evolved by their Godheads. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, balloons had taken on the undermentioned features: 1. Silk or rubber building. 2. Hydrogen used to make lift. As balloon flights became more popular, the narratives of these flights spread around the universe. This sparked great involvement in flight and led many scientists and discoverers to seek their manus at human flight. Balloons brought in the Aerospace age and they continue to be used today. From the hot air balloons of recreational partisans to the scientific conditions balloons of NASA, balloons continually turn out to be an built-in portion of adult males # 8217 ; technological aerospace armory. Airships Balloons were followed by airships, which were big aerodynamically designed balloons with some method of propulsion attached to them. Airships were used as: 1. Conveyances 2. Machines of war Their chief part to aerospace came from the engines that were designed for them. The design and execution of light and powerful engines would turn out to be one of the largest lending factors in the development of the aeroplane. Orville and Wilbur Wright Orville and Wilbur Wright were brothers from Dayton, Ohio. They originally worked as interior decorators and mechanics in a bike store in Dayton, but by the beginning of the 20th century, both of them had become fascinated with the construct of flight. During the twelvemonth 1900, the brothers took several holidaies to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to construct and wing a series of sailplanes, that they designed. By 1903, the brothers had made over 1000 successful sailplane flights, and as June of 1903 Drew to a stopping point, the brothers decided that a powered sailplane would be built. On Thursday, December 17, 1903 the dream of adult male # 8217 ; s foremost powered flight came true. This first flight merely lasted for 12 seconds, and a small over 100 pess, but it opened the door for scientists and discoverers from around the universe to attach engines to their sailplanes and effort to outdo the Wright brothers. This subject of competition would turn out critical to the success and growing of aerospace. The Prizes of the Day One of the largest lending factors to the early growing of aerospace were the in private funded awards that were offered to successful aeronauts. These awards were offered by the 1000s, to the first aeronaut and his aircraft that could follow with a given set of standards. For illustration, the Archdeacon award offered: * 3,000 francs to the first individual to wing 25 metres across Gallic dirt. The standards and the pecuniary value of the awards were increased over clip. By 1909 the Daily Mail of London was offering: * 1,000 lbs to the first individual to wing across the English Channel. These awards offered the early aeronauts ends for their flying machines, and the motive to seek and achieve them. World War I would convey about a new motive for increasing the public presentation of the winging machine, endurance. The Airplane as a War Machine In the early old ages of the twentieth century, the military potency of the aeroplane was underrated, although it had non been wholly overlooked. By 1909, the Gallic had decided to buy war planes, and by 1912 Great Britain # 8217 ; s Royal Flying Corps had been established. 1914 sounded the beginning of World War I, and although the aeroplane was still in its babyhood, it had progressed at an astonishing rate. By the beginning of the war, aeroplanes were capable of the followers: 1. Speeds in surplus of 125 stat mis per hr. 2. Altitudes of 25,000 pess. 3. Flights of more than 1,000 stat mis. War, as is frequently the instance, acted as a goad for engineering, and although the aeroplane was described as a plaything in the beginning of the war, it had developed into a powerful arm by the war # 8217 ; s terminal. Throughout the war, aeroplanes were used to: 1. Bomb behind enemy lines. 2. Attack enemy aeroplanes. 3. Scout in front of land forces. The American Heritage History of Flight describes the aeroplane # 8217 ; s significance in war, # 8220 ; Ground Commanders varied in their grade of insight, but during the ferocious combat of September and October that led to Germany # 8217 ; s prostration this principle was written in blood and fire for those who had eyes to see: If you hold the air, you can non be beaten ; if you lose the air, you can non win. Drumhead The importance of the history of flight, does non lie in the names and facts associated with the past, but in the constructs used to better upon bing engineerings to bring forth new engineerings. Three of the constructs that lead to the phenomenal growing of the early aerospace industry are: 1. Public consciousness and exhilaration. 2. International and intranational competition. 3. Motivation to put and achieve ends. Word of oral cavity and media coverage kept the full universe informed of the latest efforts in the field of air power. This divine public involvement, which lead people to set up grants and awards for the aeronauts. From the beginning of the aerospace age, competition has been stiff. International competition every bit good as intranational competition brought about rapid progresss in the air power industry. The grants and awards that were set up, provided the aeronauts with ends, the agencies, and the motive to achieve them. Future growing in the aerospace industry will necessitate us to adhere to these cardinal constructs. THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. SPACE PROGRAM Introduction Until the twentieth century, adult male # 8217 ; s geographic expedition of the existence was limited to astronomical observations and fictional Hagiographas. These observations and Hagiographas acted as a accelerator in the heads of American scientists and applied scientists, of the early 1900 # 8217 ; s. These scientists and applied scientists, and those that would follow their lead, would work to set up the U.S. Space Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , and American laterality in the aerospace industry. It is indispensable that today # 8217 ; s scientists and applied scientists learn from their predecessors, in order to keep American laterality in the aerospace industry. The Father of Modern Rocketry Robert H. Goddard, known as the male parent of modern rocketry, registered over 200 patents on assorted projectile constituents. Goddard # 8217 ; s parts revolve around the followers: 1. Theories on utilizing projectiles to research infinite. 2. Prototype projectile designs. 3. Empirical informations gathered from launches. Goddard # 8217 ; s parts proved to be important to adult male # 8217 ; s geographic expedition of infinite. Figure 4 shows Goddard with one of his early projectiles. Goddard # 8217 ; s successes besides provided the people of the universe with hope that the science-fiction they had been reading for old ages, might someday go a world. Figure 4: Robert H. Goddard with an early projectile. AH PG 284 Rockets and War As was the instance with World War I and the Airplane, World War II forced states to fund research and development, in the field of rocketry. Throughout the class of World War II, several states, including the United States, were actively involved in the development of projectiles. Germany # 8217 ; s V-1 and V-2 projectiles, were the most widely used projectile powered arms, and both represented vast progresss in rocketry. By the terminal of World War II, projectiles had advanced to obtain the undermentioned features: 1. Gross weights of over 25,000 lbs. 2. Top velocities of over 3,500 stat mis per hr. 3. Warheads of more than 2,000 lbs. The late 1940 # 8217 ; s and early 1950 # 8217 ; s brought about few progresss in rocketry. It would take one of the greatest competitions in the history of civilisation to impel adult male, and the aerospace industry, into infinite. A National Vision After World War II, the United States found itself in competition with the Soviet Union. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union put the first adult male made orbiter, Sputnik I, in orbit. This sudden show of technological expertness, by the Soviet Union, caught the universe by surprise. The United States all of a sudden found itself scrambling to catch up to the Soviet Union # 8217 ; s infinite plan. NASA: A History of the U.S. Civil Space Program describes the importance of the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, # 8220 ; The history of infinite and rocketry during the twenty old ages after World War II was about wholly propelled by the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, as the two great world powers engaged in a # 8220 ; cold war # 8221 ; over the political orientations and commitments of the nonaligned states of the world. # 8221 ; This subject of competition worked to increase public consciousness about the two states infinite plans. It besides cause the United States authorities to make NASA and direct financess to research and development in rocketry. The people of the United States were unified in their national vision of infinite geographic expedition, by President John F. Kennedy. On May 25, 1961, President Kennedy informed the state of a national end to direct an American to the Moon before 1970. The cold war competition, increased public consciousness and support, and huge authorities support pulled the state together in an attempt to run into the national end. The Apollo Missions Undertaking Apollo, devised by NASA to obtain President Kennedy # 8217 ; s national end, brought about immense technological progresss in the aerospace industry. Apollo catapulted the U.S. infinite plan from its babyhood. The following are high spots from the Apollo undertaking: * The initial missions involved revolving the Earth to prove the equipment and processs in infinite. * Apollo 8 successfully orbited the Moon. * Apollo 11 successfully landed on the Moon. The United States had come together as a state, and re-established themselves as the universe leader in infinite geographic expedition. Now that adult male had been to the Moon, the United States looked towards constructing a lasting construction in infinite, and the Skylab undertaking was established. Skylab The United States foremost infinite station, Skylab, was put into infinite to turn out that people could populate and work in infinite, for extended periods of clip. Although a infinite station would look to be a big progress in the aerospace industry, Skylab # 8217 ; s limited budget forced it to borrow engineerings from past undertakings, alternatively of making new engineerings. Skylab was launched on May 14, 1973. The undertaking was plagued by jobs from the beginning, and although old ages of uranology and research were conducted on the station, on July 11, 1979, Skylab plunged into the Earth # 8217 ; s surface. Drumhead The United States was winning in the race to the Moon, because its infinite plan was funded and supported by both the authorities and the people. The United State # 8217 ; s ferocious competition with the Soviet Union provided the universe with a huge measure of new aerospace engineerings. However, U.S. public involvement and authorities support declined drastically after the Apollo 11 mission. This lead to about a decennary of complacence in the U.S. infinite plan. These tendencies in the deficiency of public involvement, can be traced throughout clip. In order to advance exponential growing in the aerospace industry, the United States must: 1. Constantly set new ends. 2. Continually revise bing ends. 3. Work to keep public involvement. 4. Continue to supply support for new engineerings. By invariably puting new ends and revising old 1s, the United States could avoid losing the public involvement, and therefore go on to advance exponential growing in the aerospace industry. CURRENT AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES Introduction The U.S. aerospace industry has become virtually stagnate. Heavy authorities disbursement cuts have taken their toll. The American people, as a whole, have lost involvement in the U.S. Space Program. In the early 1980 # 8217 ; s, a infinite bird launch would pull front page media attending, but today # 8217 ; s launches seldom make the intelligence. Never the less, it is of import to look at where the industry is today, so that alterations can be made for tomorrow. Satellites Today, 100s of adult male made satellites orbit the Earth. A few orbiters have made their manner to the other side of the galaxy. All of these orbiters perform a assortment of functions. These functions include: 1. Assorted types of picture taking. 2. Data transmittal and contemplation. 3. Research. On any given twenty-four hours, the Earth is photographed 1000s of times by orbiters. Weather satellites send images of hurricanes, twisters, and other conditions phenomena to Stationss on the land. Spy satellites allow the states of the universe to obtain information on each other, and geographic orbiters send information that allow people to nail the location of minerals, every bit good as to make maps of the Earth. Satellite picture taking has become a necessity in the twentieth century, and it will turn out to be critical for old ages to come. Satellites are besides used to convey informations around the universe. The Earth # 8217 ; s spherical form imposes a job on universe broad communications, Figure 5. Satellites overcome this job by conveying and reflecting telecasting, wireless, telephone, and even internet signals, Figure 6. Throughout the last few decennaries, research orbiters have allowed people to larn more about the existence. These orbiters have wound their manner through the galaxy, revolving planets, Moons, and comets. Throughout their journeys they have transmitted a changeless watercourse of information back to Earth. This information will be invaluable in future infinite geographic expedition missions. Satellites play a immense function in the twentieth century aerospace industry. The demand to fabricate and establish orbiters will go on to turn into the twenty-first century. Capitalizing on this demand will light growing in the U.S. aerospace industry. The Space Shuttle The infinite bird, Figure 6, was the universes foremost reclaimable starship. The projectiles of the early U.S. Space Program were all # 8220 ; throwaways. # 8221 ; The infinite bird was designed in an attempt to do infinite flight more low-cost. Its design specifications included: * 100 mission life. * Ability to achieve orbits of up to 600 stat mis. * Ability to set down on bing tracks. All of these design standards made the infinite bird unique. Never before had a starship been launched, remained in orbit for yearss, and so returned to set down on a track. The reusability of the infinite bird was cardinal to doing infinite travel economically sensible. Since its first flight in August of 1977, the infinite birds have logged tonss of missions. From scientific research to satellite arrangement, the infinite bird system has proven to be both efficient and effectual. Although it has been revised over the old ages, its 20 twelvemonth old design it going outdated. NASA late signed a contract with Lockheed Martin, for the following coevals infinite bird. Leting the private sector to shoulder the brunt of research and design costs, provides for growing in the industry. The desperate effects of authorities cutbacks can besides be avoided by seting the fiscal duty in the custodies of the private sector. Drumhead Although the infinite bird system and modern twenty-four hours orbiters have performed efficaciously to this point, it is really of import that their replacing systems be designed and tested every bit shortly as possible. The continued success of the U.S. Space Program will depend upon the followers: 1. The rousing of national public involvement. 2. Research and support from the private sector. 3. NASA # 8217 ; s ability to put and revise ends. THE FINAL FRONTIER Introduction Space flight remains in its babyhood. Future coevalss will witness the International Space Station, manned missions to Mars, and even mining operations in infinite. Taping in to the huge secrets and resources of infinite will vouch our success as a state and a species. U.S. Interests in Space Throughout the following 25 old ages, the U.S. Space Program will go on to turn. At present, the International Space Station has already been designed. Its execution will convey the universe together in infinite. This infinite research lab will be the bed of many new and exciting thoughts, finds, and innovations. These thoughts, finds, and innovations will supply the agencies to get down infinite excavation operations and to farther infinite geographic expedition attempts. Drumhead Continued growing in the aerospace industry is indispensable. By detecting the secrets of infinite and tackling its resources, worlds can see their success. As a state, the United States needs to take the universe # 8217 ; s international infinite attempts. This will turn out to be profitable for the United States, and for the remainder of the universe every bit good. Decision Drumhead This study has taken an in depth expression at the birth and growing of the aerospace industry. The countries of consideration have included: 1. THE HISTORY OF FLIGHT This subdivision described the people and thoughts that brought about the aerospace industry. The cardinal thoughts and constructs that lead to exceeding growing, public involvement and consciousness, intranational and international competition, and the motive to put and achieve ends were discussed in item. 2. THE HISTORY OF THE U.S. SPACE PROGRAM This subdivision described the birth of the U.S. Space Program. The demand to keep public involvement, to go on to put and revise ends, and to go on to supply support for infinite geographic expedition were stressed. 3. CURRENT AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES This subdivision briefly described the current utilizations and issues involved with orbiters and the infinite bird system. Emphasis was placed on the design and execution of replacing systems. 4. THE FINAL FRONTIER This subdivision discussed some of the thoughts that may be implemented in the hereafter. More specifically, the International Space Station, the geographic expedition of Mars, and excavation in infinite were discussed briefly. Emphasis was placed on go oning growing and universe leading in the U.S. aerospace industry. Shutting Remarks Growth in the aerospace industry is indispensable! As this study has detailed, in order to accomplish growing in the aerospace industry the United States must: 1. Arouse and keep public involvement. 2. Supply the motive for the private sector to put and achieve ends. 3. Compete with the states of the universe in the aerospace industry. 4. Continue to supply support for aerospace plans. The United States # 8217 ; success in the twenty-first century will be dependent on these thoughts. As the finite resources of this planet continue to dwindle, our success as a species will besides go dependent on these thoughts.